Glossary of Musical Terminology

Glossary of melodic phrasing From Wikipedia, the free reference book Jump to: route, search This is a rundown of melodic terms that are probably going to be experienced in printed scores, music audits, and program notes. The greater part of the terms are Italian (see likewise Italian melodic terms utilized in English), as per the Italian beginnings of numerous European melodic shows. Now and then, the unique melodic implications of these expressions contrast from the first or current Italian implications. The majority of different terms are taken from French and German, showed by â€Å"(Fr)† and â€Å"(Ger)†, respectively.Others are from dialects, for example, Latin and Spanish. Except if indicated, the terms are Italian or English. The rundown can never be finished: a few terms are normal, and others are utilized just at times, and new ones are authored every now and then. A few arrangers incline toward terms from their own language as opposed to the standard terms her e. For a rundown of terms utilized in jazz, nation, rock, and other well known music classifications, see the Glossary of jazz and famous melodic terms. Contents| A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z Referencesâ â External links| an, a (Fr): at, to, by, for, in, in the style of†¦ * a 2: see a due in this rundown * a battuta: come back to ordinary beat after a deviation; same as ‘a rhythm' * abbandonatamente, con abbandono: free, loose * aber (Ger): yet * a bene placito: up to the entertainer * a cappella: in the way of singing in a house of prayer; I. e. , without instrumental backup * accarezzevole: expressive and touching * accelerando, accel. : quickening; steadily expanding the rhythm * highlight: underscore, make a specific part increasingly significant * accentato/accentuato: emphasized; with accentuation acceso: lighted, ablaze * acciaccato: separated, squashed; the sounding of the notes of a harmony not exactly at the same time, however from base to top. * acciaccatura: pulverizing; I. e. , an exceptionally quick effortlessness note that is â€Å"crushed† against the note that follows and takes up no incentive in the measure * accompagnato: went with; I. e. , with the backup following the soloist, who may accelerate or back off freely * adagietto: rather moderate * adagio: quiet; I. e. , play gradually * adagissimo: incredibly, slow not obligatory (usually slapped together; Latin): at freedom; I. e. , the speed and way of execution are left to the entertainer * a due: proposed as a two part harmony; for two voices or instruments; together; two instruments are to play as one after an independent section for one of the instruments * affannato, affannoso: anguished * affettuoso, affettuosamente, or affectueusement (Fr): with influence (that is, with feeling); see additionally con affetto * affrettando: hustling, squeezing onwards * nimble: quickly * agitato: unsettled al, alla: to the, in the way of (al before manly things, alla before female) * alla breve: in cut-time; two beats for every measure or the proportional thereof * alla marcia: in the style of a walk * allargando: widening, turning into a little more slow each time * allegretto: somewhat vivacious, reasonably quick * allegretto vivace: a decently snappy rhythm * allegrezza: merriment, happiness * allegro: merry or energetic; yet ordinarily deciphered as exuberant, quick * allegrissimo: quick, however more slow than presto all' ottava: â€Å"at the octave†, see ottava * als (Ger): than * alt (English) (likewise alt dom or modified predominant): a jazz term which educates harmony playing artists, for example, a jazz piano player or jazz guitarist to play out a prevailing (V7) harmony with changed upper expansions (e. g. , sharp eleventh, level thirteenth, and so on ). * altissimo: high * alto: high; frequently alludes to a specific scope of voice, higher than a tenor however lower than a soprano * alzate sordini: lift or raise the qui ets; I. e. , evacuate quiets * am Steg (Ger): at the scaffold; I. . , playing a bowed string instrument close to its scaffold, which delivers a heavier, more grounded tone (see sul ponticello in this rundown) * amabile: genial, charming * amoroso: adoring * anacrusis: a note or notes that go before the main stocked bar; a pickup * andamento: used to allude to a fugue subject of better than expected length * moderately slow and even: at a mobile pace; I. e. , at a moderate rhythm * andantino: somewhat quicker than moderately slow and even (yet prior it is at times used to mean marginally more slow than moderately slow and even) * angstlich (Ger. ): tensely a niente: to nothing; a sign to make a diminuendo which blurs to pppp * a nessuna cosa: to nothing; a sign to hold a fermata until it fades away (this solitary works with instruments which can't support a note) * anima: feeling * animandosi: vivified, enthusiastic * animato: energized, vivacious * antiphon: a ritualistic or other c reation comprising of choral reactions, in some cases between two ensembles; an entry of this nature shaping piece of another structure; a rehashed section in a hymn or other ceremonial piece, like an abstain. 1] * apaise (Fr): quieted * a piacere: at joy; I. e. , the entertainer need not follow the cadence carefully, for instance in a cadenza * appassionato: enthusiastically * appoggiatura additionally called a â€Å"leaning note†: at least one effortlessness takes note of that take up some note estimation of the following full note. * a prima vista: Sight-read (lit. â€Å"at first sight†); I. e. , (to be) played or sung from composed documentation however without earlier survey of the composed material * arco: the bow utilized for playing some string instrument; I. e. played with the bow, rather than pizzicato (culled), in music for bowed instruments; typically used to drop a pizzicato heading * arietta: a short aria * arioso: vaporous, or like an air (a song); I. e. , in the way of an aria; sweet * armonioso: agreeably * arpeggio: like a harp; I. e. , the notes of the harmonies are to be played rapidly in a steady progression (normally climbing) rather than at the same time. In music for piano, this is once in a while an answer in playing a wide-going harmony whose notes can't be played something else. Arpeggios are as often as possible utilized as an accompaniment.See additionally broken harmony in this rundown. * arpeggiato: a method of playing a harmony: beginning with the most reduced note, and with progressively higher notes quickly participate. Once in a while the impact is turned around, with the goal that the most elevated note is played first. * assai: very * assez (Fr): enough, adequately * a beat: in time; I. e. , the entertainer should come back to the fundamental beat of the piece (after an accelerando or ritardando, and so on ); additionally might be found in blend with different terms, for example, a rhythm giusto (in exacting t ime) or a rhythm di menuetto (at the speed of a minuet) * attacca: assault or append; go straight on; I. e. toward the finish of a development, a heading to append the following development to the past one, immediately * Ausdruck (Ger): articulation * ausdrucksvoll/mit Ausdruck(Ger): expressively, with articulation * avec (Fr): with or with another B * B: German for B level (likewise in Swedish, Finnish, Icelandic, Danish and Croatian); H in German is B normal * barbaro: savage (eminently utilized in Allegro barbaro by Bela Bartok) * Bartok pizzicato: a term which teaches string entertainers to play a pizzicato note to pull the string ceaselessly from the fingerboard so it snaps back percussively on the fingerboard. bass: the least of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano); the most minimal melodic line in a melodic piece, regularly thought of as characterizing and supporting the amicability; in a symphonic setting, the term generally alludes to the twofold bass . * basso continuo: consistent bass; I. e. , a bass part played consistently all through a piece to give consonant structure, utilized particularly in the Baroque time frame * battement (Fr. ): utilized in the seventeenth century to allude to adornments comprising of two contiguous notes, uch as trills or mordents * beat: (1) the articulated cadence of music; (2) one single stroke of a musical emphasize * bellicoso: warlike, forceful * ben or bene: well; in ben marcato (â€Å"well marked†) for instance * twist: jazz term alluding either to setting up a pitch, sliding down a large portion of a stage and coming back to the first pitch or sliding up a large portion of a stage from the first note. * beschleunigte (Ger): quickened, as in mit beschleunigter Geschwindigkeit, at a quickened beat * bewegt (Ger): moved, with speed paired: a melodic structure in two segments: AB * 10,000 foot: a slang term for fermata, which trains the entertainer to hold a note or harmony as long as th ey wish * bis (Lat): twice; I. e. , rehash the applicable activity or entry * bisbigliando: murmuring; I. e. , a unique tremolo impact on the harp where a harmony or note is quickly rehashed at a low volume * bocca chiusa: with shut mouth * bravura: strength; as in con bravura, intensely * breit (Ger): wide * connect: Transitional entry interfacing two segments of a structure, likewise transition.Also the piece of a stringed instrument that holds the strings set up and transmits their vibrations to the thunderous body of the instrument. * brillante: splendidly, with shimmer * brio: force; generally in con brio * brioso: energetically (same as con brio) * broken harmony: A harmony where the notes are not all played without a moment's delay, yet in some pretty much predictable arrangement. They may follow separately in a steady progression, or two notes might be quickly trailed by another two, for instance. See additionally arpeggio in this rundown, which as a backup example might be viewed as a sort of broken harmony; see Alberti bass. bruscamente: tersely C * cadenza: a performance segment, normally in a concerto or comparative work, that is utilized to show the entertainer's procedure, now and then at significant length * calando: falling ceaselessly, or bringing down; I. e. , getting increasingly slow; ritardando alongside diminuendo * calore: warmth; so con calore, heartily * cambiare: to transform; I. e. , any change, for example, to another instrument * canto:chorus; choral; serenade * standard or kanon (Ger): a topic that is rehashed and imitated and based upon by different instruments with a period delay, making a layered impact;

Free Essays on Comparison Of Stories

In both Alice Walker’s story â€Å"The Flowers† and William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the story’s finishing embodies the sort of progress that happens in the principle character. Myop, the hero of â€Å"The Flowers,† experiences a developing, learning experience, while Emily, the hero of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† experiences a physical change, exclusively inactive. Additionally, every one of these characters varies in their way to deal with the change that transpires. It is the consummation in the tales that obviously concludes the progressions that happens in every hero. The wording of the closure proposes the manner by which the characters confronted the change. In â€Å"The Flowers,† â€Å"Myop set out her flowers.† She plays a functioning job to put her youth away. It depends entirely on her through and through freedom; she decides to develop. Then again, Emily is discovered dead with â€Å"A long strand of iron-silver hair.† Gray hair is an image of mature age, something that happens to an individual, without wanting to. Emily’s age change happens in light of the fact that it is constrained upon her. The creator depicts Emily all through the story taking note of her age, â€Å"She was more than thirty at that point, still a slight lady, however more slender than usual.† However, later the townspeople notice a distinction in her: At the point when we next observed Emily, she had developed fat and her hair was turning dark. During the following scarcely any years it developed grayer and grayer until it achieved an even pepper-and-salt iron-dim, when it stopped turning. Up to the day of her demise at seventy-four it was as yet that iron dark, similar to the hair of a functioning man. These two characters are comparative in that the two of them experience change, yet are distinctive in the manner in which they proceed with it.... Free Essays on Comparison Of Stories Free Essays on Comparison Of Stories In both Alice Walker’s story â€Å"The Flowers† and William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the story’s finishing embodies the sort of progress that happens in the primary character. Myop, the hero of â€Å"The Flowers,† experiences a developing, learning experience, while Emily, the hero of â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† experiences a physical change, exclusively detached. Also, every one of these characters varies in their way to deal with the change that transpires. It is the closure in the narratives that unmistakably settles the progressions that happens in every hero. The wording of the closure proposes the manner by which the characters confronted the change. In â€Å"The Flowers,† â€Å"Myop set out her flowers.† She plays a functioning job to put her youth away. It depends entirely on her unrestrained choice; she decides to develop. Then again, Emily is discovered dead with â€Å"A long strand of iron-silver hair.† Gray hair is an image of mature age, something that happens to an individual, without wanting to. Emily’s age change happens in light of the fact that it is constrained upon her. The creator depicts Emily all through the story taking note of her age, â€Å"She was more than thirty at that point, still a slight lady, however more slender than usual.† However, later the townspeople notice a distinction in her: At the point when we next observed Emily, she had developed fat and her hair was turning dim. During the following scarcely any years it developed grayer and grayer until it accomplished an even pepper-and-salt iron-dark, when it stopped turning. Up to the day of her demise at seventy-four it was as yet that iron dim, similar to the hair of a functioning man. These two characters are comparative in that the two of them experience change, however are diverse in the manner in which they proceed with it....

Farmer Essay Topics - How To Select The Right Topic For Your Paper

<h1>Farmer Essay Topics - How To Select The Right Topic For Your Paper</h1><p>A understudy who is considering composing a rancher article ought to consider cautiously the point that he would need to cover in his paper. There are numerous points to browse and a large portion of them will give a smart thought about your training background.</p><p></p><p>You might be imagining that your educator believes that this subject isn't fascinating. In any case, imagine a scenario where the person says this is your specialized topic and it is something that can assist you with getting residency. These things ought to be your need. You ought to ask yourself how far you need to go with this topic.</p><p></p><p>In reality, you can discover subjects, for example, these and that is the reason I have referenced some broad thoughts that can help you in choosing the correct point. So you may wonder why would you like to expound on cultiva ting? You may state that cultivating is only one of the numerous organizations in this world and everybody should think about it.</p><p></p><p>But truth be told, ranchers can't kick back and appreciate life subsequent to having the experience of chipping away at their homestead for a considerable length of time. They must be an individual who helps in the network. Cultivating is a business that is controlled by the individuals and they as well as the clients, providers and others in this world.</p><p></p><p>So what would you be able to anticipate from these exposition points? The main thing that you should do is to examine the insights concerning the cultivating business that you have been engaged with up until this point. At the end of the day, you have to recount to a story that can persuade the peruser that you have had the option to add to the network and how you have endeavored to get this going. What's more, that is the finish of your exposition point selection.</p><p></p><p>Do you recall those exploration papers that you composed before? At the point when you read an exploration paper, you will see that the teachers consistently asked you inquiries to evaluate your insight level. This is a decent technique to decide the aptitude level that you are extremely equipped for doing.</p><p></p><p>So whenever you intend to compose a rancher article, you have to remember this stunt. You can do a little research on your theme and see what you get from it.</p>

All About Argumentative Essay State Topics

<h1>All About Argumentative Essay State Topics </h1> <h2> The Argumentative Essay State Topics Chronicles </h2> <p>On the rival side, acquiring a rundown of good influential paper subjects is insufficient. On the off chance that you are looking for instances of factious papers, here's an example that will get you out! Accordingly, article was characterized in various ways. Similarly as there are different sorts of articles, there are different sorts of theory articulations. </p> <h2> Argumentative Essay State Topics - Is it a Scam? </h2> <p>Instead of just quickly expounding on your pugnacious exposition theme, you should initially consider what it is that you're probably going to return on your paper through a technique of conceptualizing and pre-composing. The purpose of your exposition is characterized by the sort of paper you're composing. In the event that you have to compose your entire article in 1 day, do your absolute bes t to give yourself breaks so you don't wear out. There are numerous means that you should take to have the option to compose an incredible article. </p> <p>It isn't easy to form into a prosperous contentious article author. Contentious compositions is a specific sort of a paper. </p> <p>Don't overlook, you may consistently cut writing from your paper later if you conclude which you're expressing the self-evident. At the point when you are done with your exposition, you should not just check it for spelling and linguistic blunders, however by and by, it likewise must be checked for intelligent deceptions. To put it in an unexpected way, you should comprehend the target of your influential paper. </p> <p>Persuasive article composing isn't simple ensured. Convincing articles don't have any passage limits. They are otherwise called contentious. They share a lot of likeness with factious papers. </p> <h2> Argumentative Essay State Topics - Overview </h2> <p>In any case, beneath every reality it's conceivable to find the rundown of points on which you can gather in your contention exposition. It's essential to choose begging to be proven wrong contentious paper themes since you need restricting focuses that you can counter to your own focuses. Each section should be limited to the conversation of one general thought. On the off chance that you end a section with a citation, that could be a sign which you have fail to discuss the criticalness of the citation as to your contention. </p> <h2> Where to Find Argumentative Essay State Topics </h2> <p>You don't have to discover very specialized with lawful contentious papers, however make a point to get your work done on what the current laws about your favored subject really state. On the off chance that you don't get a specific subject from your educator, it implies that you can utilize your total creative mind in picking the subject. Recall your last grade essentially depends on the point. In secondary school, you should pick such a subject you will be in a situation to dive into that is, you must verify you can run over enough information on the issue. </p> <p>Therefore, the center isn't just unmistakable. It's conceivable to choose a captivating subject from any zone of science. At the point when the examination is prepared, you may have numerous interesting aspects to cover the subject. In the event that you study science, you ought to choose a proper theme. </p> <h2> Using Argumentative Essay State Topics </h2> <p>Much like a contentious article, a convincing paper requests a decent measure of mastery and information on a specific field. Regardless of the amount or assortment of examination included, pugnacious articles must set an exceptionally clear theory and follow sound thinking. A proposition is the outcome of an all-encompassing reasoning technique and cautious consultation after starter research. </p> <p>In case it occurs, don't neglect the expert scholastic composing administrations made to satisfy each understudy's desires paying little mind to what his field of study is! Another ex planation is to see how well understudies contend on unmistakable perspectives and show comprehension of the contemplated subject. While setting up a course work, youthful people select the frequently experienced subjects. For example, you can select a subject for rudimentary, center, or higher school. </p> <h2>Argumentative Essay State Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! </h2> <p>When you're composing your paper, verify you profit by the diverse assistance promptly accessible to you. At the point when you're picking your theme, recollect that it's a lot less difficult to expound on something which you right now have intrigue ineven on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea about a lot about it. At long last, on the off chance that you should compose and article yet have next to no information or enthusiasm for the point, remember there are loads of custom exposition scholars which will readily carry out the responsibility for you. The absolute be st thing about a pugnacious article which contains social issues is you may depict your individual experience on the example of the genuine case.</p>

Writing a Persuasive Essay

<h1>Writing a Persuasive Essay</h1><p>Writing a convincing article isn't a simple undertaking, yet it's unquestionably one that should be possible. It takes practice, yet by consolidating the aptitudes of the best exposition journalists from over a significant time span alongside the assets accessible on the Internet, anybody can figure out how to compose a powerful essay.</p><p></p><p>Modern enticing article themes can comprise of anything, from family tattle, religion, governmental issues, sports and diversion. Every one of these subjects and more are very well known nowadays as they all touch on the peruser and make them consider things that they ought to consider when settling on a choice or deciding in favor of a specific competitor. By comprehending what the crowd needs and needs, you will have the option to introduce an all around considered contention that will influence their feeling in your favor.</p><p></p><p&g t;The initial phase recorded as a hard copy a powerful exposition is to choose which of the paper themes you need to cover. Keep in mind, this is just a rule and there are no exacting standards about this, since there is no single subject that is required to have a powerful paper. For whatever length of time that you have an away from of what you need to discuss, you can settle on the material to be secured. In spite of the fact that, in the event that you have any questions about the points you are wanting to expound on, simply avoid the themes you feel are excessively specialized, that may reduce the remainder of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Also, the manner in which you plan on introducing your paper subjects is significant. There are a few scholars who like to take as much time as is needed while illustrating their paper, while others would want to simply bounce directly into the meat of the issue. Thusly, the author would not have the option to give an away f rom of the subtleties of the contentions the person is attempting to get across.</p><p></p><p>Also, on the off chance that you are planning to remember your own assessments from others for your exposition points, you should recall that keeping in touch with them is very not the same as composing a real article. You should attempt to avoid clarifying every one of the focuses that you might want to get over, rather, let the assessments of the individuals included represent themselves.</p><p></p><p>The next thing you should recall when composing your exposition subjects is that you have to consistently have something new and fascinating to discuss. Thusly, ensure you maintain a strategic distance from the standard themes, for example, policy driven issues, religion, legislative issues, VIPs and recent developments. These points are not just old and obsolete; they likewise accompany no new ideas.</p><p></p><p>Even h owever these subjects are not feasible, you can in any case use them as subjects for points to work with, yet attempt to abstain from utilizing these themes as bases for your postulation articulation. On the off chance that you are uncertain of your paper subject or theory explanation, you can generally discover somebody to get you out with your exposition topics.</p><p></p><p>Always make sure to introduce your various focuses in a fascinating way and investigate every possibility. Along these lines, the perusers will be keen on what you need to state and can be persuaded to decide in favor of you. Composing a convincing paper is simple on the off chance that you have a thought on what you will compose and what you need to say.</p>

Top Guide of Writing Business Papers

<h1> Top Guide of Writing Business Papers </h1> <p>You may have searched for a genuine business composing organization for quite a while liberated from progress yet don't be let down since today you've discovered one in us. You may likewise be in a situation to start a business which helps different organizations with statistical surveying. In the event that you know your organization and are enthusiastic about any of this, composing a business program and afterward utilizing your arrangement for development will be not exactly as trying as you would might suspect. In case you're offering to different organizations, you may have various basic clients that are fundamental to the achievement of your venture, or two or three significant clients which are pattern pioneers in your space. </p> <p>There are a considerable amount of aspects of scholastic composing that understudies probably won't be aware of when composing their business papers. In the first pla ce, it will help you with content composition. In spite of the fact that the scope of on-line article composing organizations is incredibly enormous, you should be amazingly specific once you've set out to manage one of them. Numerous reliable composing administrations are anxious to give exposition help. </p> <h2> The Key to Successful Writing Business Papers</h2> <p>The absolute first area of the paper allows the writer to shape an assortment of targets and highpoint the significance of certain viewpoints. Continue perusing to find thoughts for a couple of the most widely recognized worldwide private company research subject tips that you can utilize and make your own one of a kind, unmistakable and beneficial examination paper. Numerous understudies should make an extensive report on a particular point. Business understudies searching for scholarly paper themes have a decent choice of subjects to pick from. </p> <p>Ultimately, the business outl ine some portion of your organization program ought to depict your current area and any offices that the business possesses. Each business has a type of rivalry and it's significant to offer a rundown in your official synopsis. Alongside achievements and footing, your organization plan should detail the basic measurements that you'll be looking as your organization gets off the ground. Composing a strategy may have all the earmarks of being a precarious obstacle, yet it shouldn't be. </p> <h2> What You Should Do to Find Out About Writing Business Papers Before You're Left Behind </h2> <p>This sort of approach was actualized to support everyone. It's not suggested that you compose at whatever point your psyche isn't settled. Furthermore, you must pass on your own thoughts and thoughts with the help of applicable words and word blends. Rather, simply incorporate a short proclamation demonstrating how much cash you should raise to get your organization off the g round.</p> <p>If you're an understudy in the territory of business administrations, make your buy today and start your stroll to progress. All business visionaries have a dream of where they wish to choose the organization later on the off chance that they're successful.</p> <p>Business perusers would prefer not to comprehend what's happening inside an author's psyche. On the off chance that you build up a portfolio or a notoriety expounding on a particular point, you may be in a situation to offer independent types of assistance as a typical writer covering that subject either for print or web publications.</p> <h2>The Appeal of Writing Business Papers </h2> <p>All business paper needs to have a title. Additionally, sometimes it is very difficult to submit papers dependably. You may consistently believe us to make the best papers you could find available. In pressing cases you can arrange business research papers which are available t o be purchased. </p> <p>Even when you for the most part make sense of how to create your ordinary independent company article paper sensibly well there are events when occupation should be done particularly well. No one need to procure hand crafted articles available to be purchased whose conveyance isn't advantageous. </p> <h2> What You Should Do to Find Out About Writing Business Papers Before You're Left Behind </h2> <p>Not just you may produce a basic book for your up and coming gem here, however you likewise will promptly check and right all the powerless components of it. At the point when you're composing a paper that must be formed in APA style, there's a specific association of the segments that you must follow. The sorts of passages are distinctive in different fields, so if you don't mind ensure that you look into the APA site for extra requests. In light of the sort of business you're beginning, you may or probably won't require these segments. </p> <h2& gt; How to Choose Writing Business Papers </h2> <p>Now, there are bunches of composing administrations promptly accessible online to offer master help to the understudies all around the globe. Each organization is comprehending an issue for its customers and filling a need in the commercial center. The composing administrations are focused at furnishing clients with all the required help. Offering advertising administrations needs a great deal of composing. </p>

State Of Banking Before And After Financial Crisis - Free Essay Example

Introduction: Banks play a very important role in financial system. Most businesses have a need for a line of credit or other financing with a bank (Editorials, Street directory).  A stable financial system can help a nations economy grow steadily than it would in an unstable financial system. From loans to investments, financial institutions are exposed to all kinds of risks in the market. Risk is universal in the financial industry and everything that a financial institution does requires thorough Risk Management Practices (RMPs). The recent financial crisis has brought out the existing flaw in the banking system which probably no one had forecasted few years before. In the past, first the economy used to slowdown which would result in financial crisis but this time it is other way round. During the current financial crisis, banks and other financial institutions, particularly in the U.S, have collapsed which has resulted in slowdown of global economy. Research Question/Main Problem: This research will try and bring out the changes that have happened in operations of banking, over past 5-6 years, from huge profit making business to managing risks efficiently. Aim and Objective: The dissertation aims to look at the developments in banking sector in both, a developed and developing economy, so that the positive points from both the economies can be brought forward and negative points can be addressed and rectified. The study also aims to highlight some of the key reasons of financial crisis. It is very hard or rather impossible to imagine carrying out business in the absence of banks or financial system. Hence, it is very important to study and conduct a research about the crisis that have impacted the financial industry, so that some lessons can be learnt and in the future, and mistakes can be avoided. If the study is limited to one country, sample might not be large enough and hence the research looks at two different economies of the world (Heffernan, 1996). Therefore two countries i.e. UK and India have been selected for the study. It will help to identify how banks have managed their business during cyclical upturn, peak in crisis. The study also i ntends to highlight the trend of banking activities. And will also draw attention on how the proportion of risk has changed over the past years. Highlighting changes in key ratios will give a clear picture of what has happened and what can be expected in the future. It would be important to compare the balance sheets of some of the major banks of both the countries from the year 2004 till 2009 to check the percentage increase or decrease in their activities in order to come to a conclusion and provide suggestions/recommendations. Brief Literature Review: Since this study deals developments in banks and their performance over last few years, ratio analysis would be best suited for the study. These ratios are easily available on Bank-scope website (www.bankscope.com). These can also be cross checked from respective banks annual reports which are available on the internet. Heffernans (1996) study on performance of banks in 1980s indicated that some of the banks assets grew faster than nominal GDP, which means that banks were highly profitable. However, in late 1980s and 1990s there were asset quality problems in some of the large banks which had to write off non-performing portfolios. Because of which there was increased regulatory pressure and banks had to move towards fee-earning business i.e. securities underwriting and trading. It was during this time that international business was growing but was not profitable for banks because of high operating costs. However, banks found ways of reducing their costs by issuing their own CDs a nd introduce new products which were not capital intensive and resulted in fee income. Thus like other sectors, banks too used international trade and globalisation to increase their profits and diversify their risks. But, there have been one financial crisis in at least in every decade. Globalisation has been blamed for some of the previous financial crisis. There have been few economists who have argued that policies of the government resulted in the crisis and not technology. Asian crisis of 1997 is one such example (Krugman, 1998.). International organisations like WTO, World Bank, IMF promote globalisation and international trade for the development and welfare of under developed and developing economies. It has opened up global economy and countries like China and India have grown faster than expected. Globalisation has also reduced the sense of isolation which was felt before in developing countries. But in many countries, like the African nations, globalisation has not been beneficial or has not reached and hence most African nations remain underdeveloped (Stiglitz, 2002). Globalisation resulted in innovation of various risk reducing financial products and strategies like Futures, Options, Derivatives and Securitization. This study will help to understand how some of these products and strategies which were supposed to reduce risk, resulted in downfall of global economy. Sub-problems: The sub problems of this study are: Global economy before financial crisis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this will help to understand how banks were making huge profits; Economic and financial globalization and the expansion of world trade have brought substantial benefits to countries around the world (International Monetary Fund) What led to Crisis? this problem will help to realise what was happening in the banking world which went unnoticed till the time crisis hit some of the major banks; One of the key issue was the rising defaults on subprime mortgages in the US that triggered the global financial crisis (Subprime Fallout, Financial Times) Steps taken by international bodies like World Bank, WTO, UN, etc to rescue Global Economy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Though the most acute phase of the global financial crisis has passed, recovery remains fragile.   Persistent risks to economic health include high unemployment and low growth in developed countries and scarce international f inancing for developing countries. The poorest countries continue to need assistance to move beyond the crisis (Financial Crisis, World Bank report); World Bank is also expanding its cooperation with IMF, UN to promote inclusiveness, innovation, efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability (World Bank reform, World Bank). Since crisis in the USA impacted all major economies, rescue steps taken by some international organisations are important to take note of; Impact of financial crisis to UK Indian economy and steps taken by govt. central bank individually along the guidelines of Basel, bring out flaws if any. Bank of England and Reserve Bank of India have taken several steps to ensure that respective economies continue to grow and remain stable (BoE and RBI). Research Methodology: Punch (1998) has indicated that quantitative research is concerned with the collection and analysis of data in numeric form. It tends to emphasize relatively large scale and representative sets of data, and is often, falsely in our view, presented or perceived as being about the gathering of facts. Whereas qualitative research is concerned with collecting and analysing information in as many forms, mainly non-numeric, as possible. It tends to focus on as much detail as possible and aims to achieve depth rather than breadth. All qualitative research seeks understanding of data that are complex and need to be approached only in context (Morse et al, 2002). A correlation study, quantitative research method, examines the extent to which differences in one characteristic or variable are related to differences to one or more characteristics or variables. A correlation exists if, when one variable increases, another variable either increases or decreases in a somewhat predictable fashi on. This study will collect numbers (data) that reflect specific measurements of the characteristics in question (Leedy, 2009). This type of study will be particularly useful for comparing ratios of different years and it will give out a clear picture of how operations of banks have changed over past few years. The good thing about this type of study is that the results are hard to manipulate as the data used would be a published data. Case study, qualitative research method,  refers to the collection and presentation of detailed information about a particular participant or small group, frequently including the accounts of subjects themselves. The case study is ideally suited to the needs and resources of the small-scale researcher (Loraine, et al. 2001). It is a form of qualitative descriptive research, which looks intensely at an individual or small participant pool, drawing conclusions only about that participant or group and only in that specific context. A case study researcher often begins to analyze the data during the data collection process (Leedy, 2009). As stated by Loraine B, et al. (2001) the drawbacks of case studies are: The very complexity of a case can make analysis difficult because of the holistic nature of the case study. The researcher needs to show connections between various events but not lose sight of the whole picture. While the contextualization of aspects of the case strengthen this form of research, it is difficult to know where context begins and ends. However the advantages of case studies are linked to their disadvantages, which are: They allow the researcher to show the complexity of social life and good case studies build on this to explore alternative meanings and interpretations. This study will be a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodology. In the past, both studies, qualitative and quantitative, have been conducted in order to determine the main reasons of bank failures (Hefferna n, 1996). Since the main research problem deals with key financial ratios, quantitative research method would address it the best. However, the sub problems of this topic would require qualitative research as they are more theoretical involving case studies and previous examples of bank failures to better understand what really went wrong and how things could have been avoided. This study will undertake qualitative research in the form of comparative case study because the study will be looking at various issues that have resulted in the downfall of banks and banking operations in respective countries. Data Collection and Analysis Data will be collected via secondary sources such as websites, annual reports of banks, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Financial articles, Journals. The main quantitative analysis will be focused on the banking sector of the two countries and see if any trends or flaws can be highlighted. The data will be analyzed with the help of tables and graphs which would be explained. On the other hand qualitative analysis of comparative case studies will be mainly focused on sub problems which will lead the researcher in answering the main research problem. Conclusion/Potential Results This study might be able to bring out the current approach of banks towards various risks. The study might also be able to point put the best practices that are followed by the banks in the sample countries. The study will also try to point out flaws, if any, in the existing structure and operation of banks and recommend corrective steps.